本篇详细描述怎么为Angular SPA程序添加Authorization的全记录。相对应的,本篇中使用了Identity Server (.Net Core开源项目)作为Identity Provider。
权限控制无所不在,基于OAuth, OpenID这些解决方案在今时今日的开发中几乎是必不可少的。
这里只强调下Access Token和Refresh Token的关联与区别:
那么Access Token怎么跟Refresh Token协同工作呢?一般来说,整个
由于Refresh Token这个特效,在开发库中,其也被称为Offline Access。
如果是Angular CLI创建的应用程序,添加:
ng add angular-auth-oidc-client
当然也可以使用NPM/YARN来安装。
当开始执行时,首先要求确认:
ℹ Using package manager: npm
✔ Found compatible package version: angular-auth-oidc-client@14.1.5.
✔ Package information loaded.The package angular-auth-oidc-client@14.1.5 will be installed and executed.
Would you like to proceed? (Y/n)
当选择Y
之后,会进行安装,并要求输入一些必要信息。下列中的(XXXX)
是项目特定信息,需要按照项目的实际填写。
✔ Package successfully installed.
? What flow to use? OIDC Code Flow PKCE using refresh tokens
? Please enter your authority URL or Azure tenant id or Http config URL (XXXX)🔎 Running checks...✅️ Project found, working with 'myproject'✅️ Added "angular-auth-oidc-client" 14.1.5🔍 Installing packages...✅️ Installed✅️ 'src/app/auth/auth-config.module.ts' will be created✅️ 'AuthConfigModule' is imported in 'src/app/app.module.ts'✅️ All imports done, please add the 'RouterModule' as well if you don't have it imported yet.✅️ No silent-renew entry in assets array needed✅️ No 'silent-renew.html' needed
CREATE src/app/auth/auth-config.module.ts (703 bytes)
UPDATE package.json (2281 bytes)
UPDATE src/app/app.module.ts (3951 bytes)
这时,项目中多了一个src\auth
的文件夹,其中只有一个Module。
@NgModule({imports: [AuthModule.forRoot({config: {authority: 'XXXX.com',redirectUrl: window.location.origin,postLogoutRedirectUri: window.location.origin,clientId: 'please-enter-clientId',scope: 'please-enter-scopes', // 'openid profile offline_access ' + your scopesresponseType: 'code',silentRenew: true,useRefreshToken: true,renewTimeBeforeTokenExpiresInSeconds: 30,}})],exports: [AuthModule],
})
export class AuthConfigModule {}
其中有些信息需要更新:scope
,clientId
等。
如果需要silent renew(自动更新Access Token),需要在scope
中加上offline_access
,并且在Identity Provider也设置为Allow Offlien Access。
以Identity Server 6为例:
new Client{ClientName = "My App",ClientId = "myangularapp",AllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.Code,RequireClientSecret = false,RequirePkce = true,AllowAccessTokensViaBrowser = true,AllowOfflineAccess = true, // For refresh token}
Unauthorized的Module和Component用来向客户显示错误信息。
首先创建Module:
ng g m pages\Unauthorized --routing
然后是Component:
ng g c pages\Unauthorized -m pages\unauthorized
可以在pages\unauthorized\unauthorized.html
中填充显示给终端客户的权限检查失败的信息。
譬如:
You are not unauthorized to access
更新Unauthorized Module中的路由(即文件unauthorized-routing.module.ts
)来添加标准跳转:
const routes: Routes = [{path: '', component: UnauthorizedComponent
}];
在Angular程序中添加路由,用来支持跳转到上述刚刚创建的unauthorized的页面。
通常,在app-routing.module.ts
中添加路由项:
{ path: 'unauthorized', loadChildren: () => import('./pages/unauthorized/unauthorized.module').then(m => m.UnauthorizedModule) },
这时,在Angular SPA程序中的路由unauthorized
已经添加完成。
对需要Authorization的路由添加保护:
@Injectable({providedIn: 'root'
})
export class AuthGuardService implements CanActivate {constructor(private authService: OidcSecurityService, private router: Router) { }canActivate(route: ActivatedRouteSnapshot, state: RouterStateSnapshot): Promise {const url: string = state.url;return firstValueFrom(this.checkLogin(url));}checkLogin(url: string): Observable {return this.authService.isAuthenticated().pipe(map((rst: boolean) => {if (!rst) {this.authService.authorize();}return true;}));}
}
更新路由项:
{path: 'protected-path',canActivate: [AuthGuardService],loadChildren: () => import('./pages/protected-path/protected-path.module').then(m => m.ProtectedPathModule),},
登录(Login)和登出(Logout)操作一般放在主Component中进行,即,通常都是app.component.ts
中:
在构造函数中添加:
constructor(public oidcSecurityService: OidcSecurityService,) {// Other codes...}
添加登录函数:
public onLogon(): void {this.oidcSecurityService.authorize();}
登出函数:
public onLogon(): void {this.oidcSecurityService.logoffAndRevokeTokens().subscribe();}
通常在ngOnInit中添加相应Subscription来接受Logon的回调:
ngOnInit(): void {this.oidcSecurityService.checkAuth().subscribe(({ isAuthenticated, userData, accessToken, idToken }) => {if (isAuthenticated) { this.oidcSecurityService.getUserData().subscribe(val => {this.currentUser = `${val.name}(${val.sub})`;});}});}
如果申请到的Access Token是用来访问被保护的API,那么Access Token就需要传给对应的API(authService
也是注入在Constructor
中的OidcSecurityService
的实例):
return this.authService.isAuthenticated().pipe(mergeMap(islogin => {if (!islogin) {return of({totalCount: 0, items: []});}let headers: HttpHeaders = new HttpHeaders();headers = headers.append(this.contentType, this.appJson).append(this.strAccept, this.appJson);let params: HttpParams = new HttpParams();params = params.append('$top', top.toString());params = params.append('$skip', skip.toString());return this.authService.getAccessToken().pipe(mergeMap(token => {headers = headers.append('Authorization', 'Bearer ' + token);return this.http.get(apiurl, {headers,params,}).pipe(map(response => {// Success received the responsereturn {items};}),catchError((error: HttpErrorResponse) => throwError(() => new Error(error.statusText + '; ' + error.error + '; ' + error.message))));})); }));