来自黑马程序员的视频讲义

+ 号运算符重载

class Person {
public:Person() {};Person(int a, int b){this->m_A = a;this->m_B = b;}//成员函数实现 + 号运算符重载Person operator+(const Person& p) {Person temp;temp.m_A = this->m_A + p.m_A;temp.m_B = this->m_B + p.m_B;return temp;}public:int m_A;int m_B;
};//全局函数实现 + 号运算符重载
//Person operator+(const Person& p1, const Person& p2) {
//	Person temp(0, 0);
//	temp.m_A = p1.m_A + p2.m_A;
//	temp.m_B = p1.m_B + p2.m_B;
//	return temp;
//}//运算符重载 可以发生函数重载 
Person operator+(const Person& p2, int val)  
{Person temp;temp.m_A = p2.m_A + val;temp.m_B = p2.m_B + val;return temp;
}void test() {Person p1(10, 10);Person p2(20, 20);//成员函数方式Person p3 = p2 + p1;  //相当于 p2.operaor+(p1)cout << "mA:" << p3.m_A << " mB:" << p3.m_B << endl;Person p4 = p3 + 10; //相当于 operator+(p3,10)cout << "mA:" << p4.m_A << " mB:" << p4.m_B << endl;}int main() {test();system("pause");return 0;
}

总结1：对于内置的数据类型的表达式的的运算符是不可能改变的

总结2：不要滥用运算符重载

左移运算符重载

#include
#includeusing namespace std;class Person {friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, Person& p);public:Person(int a, int b){this->m_A = a;this->m_B = b;}//成员函数 实现不了  p << cout 不是我们想要的效果//void operator<<(Person& p){//}private:int m_A;int m_B;
};//全局函数实现左移重载
//ostream对象只能有一个
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, Person& p) {out << "a:" << p.m_A << " b:" << p.m_B;return out;
}void test() {Person p1(10, 20);cout << p1 << "hello world" << endl; //链式编程
}int main() {test();system("pause");return 0;
}

重载左移运算符配合友元可以实现输出自定义数据类型

递增运算符重载

作用： 通过重载递增运算符，实现自己的整型数据

class MyInteger {friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, MyInteger myint);public:MyInteger() {m_Num = 0;}//前置++MyInteger& operator++() {//先++m_Num++;//再返回return *this;}//后置++MyInteger operator++(int) {//先返回MyInteger temp = *this; //记录当前本身的值，然后让本身的值加1，但是返回的是以前的值，达到先返回后++；m_Num++;return temp;}private:int m_Num;
};ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, MyInteger myint) {out << myint.m_Num;return out;
}//前置++ 先++ 再返回
void test01() {MyInteger myInt;cout << ++myInt << endl;cout << myInt << endl;
}//后置++ 先返回 再++
void test02() {MyInteger myInt;cout << myInt++ << endl;cout << myInt << endl;
}int main() {test01();//test02();system("pause");return 0;
}

总结： 前置递增返回引用，后置递增返回值

赋值运算符重载

c++编译器至少给一个类添加4个函数

1. 默认构造函数(无参，函数体为空)
2. 默认析构函数(无参，函数体为空)
3. 默认拷贝构造函数，对属性进行值拷贝
4. 赋值运算符 operator=, 对属性进行值拷贝

如果类中有属性指向堆区，做赋值操作时也会出现深浅拷贝问题

class Person
{
public:Person(int age){//将年龄数据开辟到堆区m_Age = new int(age);}//重载赋值运算符 Person& operator=(Person &p){if (m_Age != NULL){delete m_Age;m_Age = NULL;}//编译器提供的代码是浅拷贝//m_Age = p.m_Age;//提供深拷贝 解决浅拷贝的问题m_Age = new int(*p.m_Age);//返回自身return *this;}~Person(){if (m_Age != NULL){delete m_Age;m_Age = NULL;}}//年龄的指针int *m_Age;};void test01()
{Person p1(18);Person p2(20);Person p3(30);p3 = p2 = p1; //赋值操作cout << "p1的年龄为：" << *p1.m_Age << endl;cout << "p2的年龄为：" << *p2.m_Age << endl;cout << "p3的年龄为：" << *p3.m_Age << endl;
}int main() {test01();//int a = 10;//int b = 20;//int c = 30;//c = b = a;//cout << "a = " << a << endl;//cout << "b = " << b << endl;//cout << "c = " << c << endl;system("pause");return 0;
}

关系运算符重载

**作用：**重载关系运算符，可以让两个自定义类型对象进行对比操作

class Person
{
public:Person(string name, int age){this->m_Name = name;this->m_Age = age;};bool operator==(Person & p){if (this->m_Name == p.m_Name && this->m_Age == p.m_Age){return true;}else{return false;}}bool operator!=(Person & p){if (this->m_Name == p.m_Name && this->m_Age == p.m_Age){return false;}else{return true;}}string m_Name;int m_Age;
};void test01()
{//int a = 0;//int b = 0;Person a("孙悟空", 18);Person b("孙悟空", 18);if (a == b){cout << "a和b相等" << endl;}else{cout << "a和b不相等" << endl;}if (a != b){cout << "a和b不相等" << endl;}else{cout << "a和b相等" << endl;}
}int main() {test01();system("pause");return 0;
}

函数调用运算符重载

• 函数调用运算符 () 也可以重载
• 由于重载后使用的方式非常像函数的调用，因此称为仿函数
• 仿函数没有固定写法，非常灵活

class MyPrint
{
public:void operator()(string text){cout << text << endl;}};
void test01()
{//重载的（）操作符 也称为仿函数MyPrint myFunc;myFunc("hello world");
}class MyAdd
{
public:int operator()(int v1, int v2){return v1 + v2;}
};void test02()
{MyAdd add;int ret = add(10, 10);cout << "ret = " << ret << endl;//匿名对象调用  cout << "MyAdd()(100,100) = " << MyAdd()(100, 100) << endl;
}int main() {test01();test02();system("pause");return 0;
}