so 作为连词：因此、所以

1.（表因果关系）因此，所以：

• I got ill so I went to see a doctor. 我生病了，因此去看了医生。

2.（引出结果）因此，所以：

• Nothing more was heard from him so that we began to wonder if he was dead. 此后没有再收到他的消息，于是我们开始怀疑他是不是死了。

3.（表示目的）为了，以便：

• But I gave you a map so you wouldn’t get lost. 但我怕你迷路，给过你一张地图。

4. 引出下文：

• So after shouting and screaming for an hour she walked out in tears. 就这样，又嚷又叫了一个小时候，她流着泪走了出来。

5. 认为某事无关紧要，尤用于反驳他人的指责时：

• You have been smoking again. 近来又抽烟了。
• So? 抽又怎么了？

6. 引出评论或问题：

• So what have you been doing today? 那么你今天都干什么了？

7. 引出结束语：

• So, that is it for today. 好，今天就到这里。

8. 在问句中代指刚谈论的事：

• I have just got back from a trip to London. 我去了一趟伦敦，刚回来。

• So, how was it? 是吗？怎么样？

9. 指出两种情况等相类似：

• Just as large companies are having to cut back, so small businesses are being forced to close. 大公司不得不紧缩，小企业则被迫关闭。

so 作为副词

当然，so 除了连词用法，还可以用作副词，有 “这样、那么” 等含义，这里未再累述。

1. “如此，这么”结构为：so + adj./ adv

• She was so tired that she fell asleep very fast.

表示此意思时，还可以用：so + adj.+ a/an + n.

• It is so good a movie that everyone who saw it praises it very much.

注意与 such 的区别，such + a/an + adj. + n.

• I’ve never seen such a beautiful lake. 我从未见过这么美丽的湖
• a/an 置于 such 之后，但 no, any, some, all, many 等则置于 such 之前
  • I’ve heard of some such rumors.

2. “如此，如是”，用于表示已经提到的想法，建议或情况等

• “Will I need my umbrella?"
• “I think so.”

3.“也是, 也一样 ”结构为 so + 助动词/情态动词/ be动词 + 主语

• Tony takes exercise every day and so does his younger brother.

注意否定句应把 so 改为 neither/nor，结构为 neither/nor+ 助动词/情态动词/be动词 + 主语

• Jenny has never been late for class. Neither/Nor has her younger brother.

4.“确实是这样”, 表示对前面陈述事实的强调，结构为 so + 主语 + 助动词/情态动词/be动词

• Tony works very hard at all the subjects. So he does.

5. “似乎，那么”，表示惊讶、不同意或者嘲讽

• So you think you’ve got troubles?

常见结构：and so on/and so forth 等等；so as to(do)∶以便；so that + 从句︰以便

• We eat different vegetables, such as tomato , potato , celery , and so on.
• They got up early so as to catch the first bus.
• They got up so early that they could catch the first bus.

6. 有时可与并列连词 and 连用，构成习语 and so (相当so):

• He told me to do it and so I did it.他叫我那么做，所以我就做了。
• He worked hard and so he succeeded.他勤奋工作，所以他取得了成功。
• There was so much to eat and so few people to eat it.有这么多东西可吃，而吃的人又这么少。
• l forgot to post the letter, and so she never heard about my divorce.我忘了寄那封信了，所以她一直不知道我离婚的事。

so 作为形容词：是这样的，是真的

• The newspapers claim she killed him in self-defense but that just isn’t so.

补充：不要按汉语意思将 “因为…所以.…” 直译为 because…so… :

• × Because he was ill, so he couldn’t come.(去掉 because 或 so中任意一个)